Category Archives: History

Books History Politics

Podcast: The Thai judiciary

When I think of the Thai judiciary, I immediately think of a phone conversation that must have been somewhere around 1998. I was in the office of the Bangkok Post, and the switchboard put through a call to the foreign news subs desk, for want of knowing what else to do with it, from a rep from the US journalists’ union, seeking advice on how to start a court case against a Thai tycoon who’d started up a newspaper, got lots of top international journalists to write for it for a couple of months, then it folded without paying anyone.

My advice was simple, “don’t”. Chances of success, zero. I still remember the bemusement of the caller.

But I realised when I listened to the New Books Network podcast with Duncan McCargo, author of Fighting for Virtue, that I really never learnt that much about the judiciary. It has all the rigidity you’d expect from something intimately associated with the royal family in Thailand, and even for Thailand, quite amazingly tight hierarchy – a fiendishly difficult exam to be taken at age 25 (based entirely on rote learning) sets the individual status of each judge who passes in the hierarchy, to continue almost certainly for their entire career.

Truly a telling, rich account of a society I’ve longed feared is so rigid as to be profoundly, terribly dangerously, unstable.

Books History

Podcast: The Russian Conquest of Central Asia

I do love learning about things of which I know nothing, and this certainly fits the bill. A vague knowledge of the “Great Game” was the entire extent of my knowledge before listening to the New Books Network podcast with Alexander Morrison, author of The Russian Conquest of Central Asia: A Study of Imperial Expansion 1814-1914.

It is big on the “why” question – always a fascinating one, and the author is scathing about some traditional theories, The claim that the mill owners wanted new supplies of cotton after the disruption of the American Civil War? The dates don’t add up and anyway, the bourgeoisie really didn’t have that kind of political power. That the Russians were seeking to challenge the British in India? A typically Anglo-centric view not backed up Russian evidence. That individual figures were running freelance operations without reference to the centre? Occasionally and marginally, but only rarely. You don’t assemble 1,000s of camels without the czar knowing about it, and funding it.

The answer? That Russia wanted to establish its status as a Great Power after its defeat of Napoleon. And that it couldn’t tolerate smaller fry on its borders who didn’t dance to its tune – and indeed sometimes raided and took slaves from among its people.

Books Feminism History Politics Science

Podcast: The Right to Live in Health

On the New Books Network, a history of late 19th and 20th-century Cuba, of which I confess I knew exactly nothing. After a hideous late Spanish colonial period, when perhaps 10% of the population died as the colonialists tried to starve out rebels, public health was seen as an antic-colonial weapon, including in the American colonial period.

The 1940 constitution was the first to state public health and healthcare as a basic right. Possibly helped by the fact that there was an effective oversupply of doctors, so there was less resistance to the socialisation of medicine than in the US or UK.

Also very interesting, and sadly still highly relevant, on the gendered approach to public health, blaming poor women for particularly childhood mortality – their “lack of knowledge”, rather than the practical realities of their lives that they just had to navigate as best they could with scant resources.

Books Environmental politics History Travel

Notes from Owls of the Eastern Ice by Jonathan C Slagh

Which has revived my Trans-Siberian rail journey dreams – seems a good reason to go to Vladivostok.

p. 63 “What an enthralling place, I thought where humans, Amur tigers and Blakiston’s fish owls move past one another in a matter of hours. I wasn’t worried about this tiger: I’d been working in their habitat for years and trusted them to be farmless to humans if respected. Or at least as harmless as a massive carnivore can be. “Siberian” tiger is a misnomer: there are no tigers in Siberia. Rather, since these animals live in the Amur River basin, east of Siberia, the name “Amur” tiger is more accurate.”

p. 152 “This was the last evidence of the village of Ulun-ga, an Old Believer settlement liquidated by the Soviety government in the 1930s. At one point there were at least 35 Old Believer settlements north of Amgu along, five times as many villages as there are in that same space today. The Old Believers had come to Primorye to escape czarist oppression and were not abou to bend a pious knee to a devil like Iosid Stalin and his plans for collectivization. In the resulting unrest, some Old Blievers were executed while hundreds more were arrested, hailed or deported.”

p. 141 “I walked straight across the floodplain, which seemed primeval and was breathtaking in its beauty. The trunks of poplars, elms, and pines rose to form a tall canopy, their bases hidden by the green understory and rutted by bubbling streams and pools populated by schools of masu salmon, white-spotted char, and lenok. There was ungulate sign everywhere, mostly of wild boar… and the carcass of a Ural owl likely killed by a mountain hawk eagle: I found an eagle feather among the owl remains like a macabre calling card. The mountain hawk eagle was an enormous raptor that quietly colonized Primorye from Japan sometime in the 1980s”.

p. 186 “I stared into the enormous yellow eyes of this magnificent bird. How was the fish owl going to behave in hand? Some raptors are docile while others, like falcons, twitch and fight the whole time when restrained. Bald eagles stretch their long necks to snap intimidating beaks at their captor’s jugular vein, as it aware that the right snip would reduce their abductor to a panicking volcano of blood. I’d found no written accounts of handling a wild adult fish owl, and even Surmach hadn’t held an adult before.”

p. 284 “At one point I saw two fish about half a meter long hiding under a submerged log in a deep pool… this species was new to me. I poppsed up just as a fisherman was walking by in a camouflage jacket and hop waders, smoking and carrying a fishing pole. He was trying his best to ignore me. “Hey,” I called out in Russian. “What’s a fish about yea big, silvery and with small black spots?” “Lenock, of course,” he answered impassively and without stopping, as though he often fielded pop quizzes on fish identification from lurking foreigners in wet suits.”

p. 292 For nesting, our data showed that big trees really were the best descriptors of a fish owl nest site; it didn’t matter too much what else was around… The river data gave us more unexpected results. They showed that fish owls tended to hunt in locations that had old-growth trees near the rivers themselves.. it wasn’t so much the owls that needed big trees; it was the salmon. When a small tree falls into a big river … it typically flows with the current without fanfare. Conversely, when a large tree falls into a small waterway, or narrow channel, the water notices.. Where there might have been a single, uniform channel before an old-growth tree fell into the water, its incluence can catalyse the development of an aquatic tapestry of deep pools, backwaters, and shallow, rushing water. This diversity of river habitats is exactly what salmon look for.”

p. 300 THe following year, the logging company widened the muddy rutted road leading up from the Sha-Mi River in anticipation of harvesting trees from the upper reaches there. The improved surface meant people could drive faster along it, and in 2012 an Amgu local found a dead fish owl next to the road. His photographs of the leg band showed that this was the Sha-Mi female, and that her injuries were consistent with a vehicular strike. She may have been safe from me, but she could not escape the march of human progress I was trying to shield her from.”

p. 308 We began working with the logging compnies in 2012 to limit the number of forest roads left accessible to vehicles after the companies are done logging an area. … In 2018 alone, five logging roads were closed… limiting human access to 212 sq km of forest. This benefitted the bottom line of logging companies by preventing illegal logging and also protected fish owls, tigers, nears and Primorye’s biodiversity in general.

In 2015, after being unable to find a suitable nest tree at the Saiyon territory when our last one was felled in a storm, Sergey and I borrowed a strategy from our colleagues in Japan and erected a nest box. We used a plastic 200L barrel that once contained soybean oil, cut a hole in the side, and secured it eight meters up a tree near the Saiyon River. The pair found it in less than two weeks and have fledged two chicks there, one in 2016 and another in 2018. We have since expanded this project to about a dozen other patches of forest

We have been able to update global population estimates. While in the 1980s there were believed to be 300 to 400 pairs, our analysis suggests there are likely to be more, perhaps twice as many … many of them (186 pairs) in Primorye.If we take the owls in Japan into consideration, and allow for a few pairs hiding in the Greater Kingan Range of China, we believe that the global population of Blakiston’s fish owl is fewer than 2,000 individuals.”

Video of the book launch, and of course of the owl (in Japan, different sub-species)

Books History Politics

Podcast: The Chinese revolution in Amdo, Tibet, in the 1950s and today

Confess that before I listened to this New Books Network podcast, I wasn’t even aware that central Tibet, the part we generally here about, was only part of it, and that Amdo was not under the Dalai Lama’s control from the mid-18th century, and before the Communists took over was run by Muslim warlords who allied with the Kuomintang.

Author Benno Weiner is fascinating on what seem to have been genuine Community Party attempts in the Fifties to win the locals over – through the “United Front”, but is also fascinating, and disturbing, on what he sees today as a rising alliance of the Party leadership with Han ethnonationalism – reflecting also on Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and also Hong Kong. Nation-building visions have changed.

Also very interesting on the idea – heretical to some – that empires might be, as a more laissez faire entity content to leave local cultures and even rulers in place – less repressive in general than nations, which often require acceptance of a single identity, not just rule. Contrasting the Ming, which was essentially a nation with smaller boundaries, to the Ching, an empire.

Books History Podcasts Women's history

Podcast: Origins of the Witches’ Sabbath

Fascinating interview with Michael D Bailey on the New Books Network, which shows how the whole stereotypical picture of witches as an organised force of the devil was born in the 1430s in the western European Alps, at least in part as a weapon of political struggle. And how even at the time there were people brave enough to scoff at it as nonsense.

The imagining of witchcraft as an organised force spread across Europe and beyond, to cause the death of many thousands of (mostly) women. And still has force today – thinking of the use of the word witch as a word of abuse of Julia Gillard and many other women in public life.