Category Archives: History

Women's history

Powerful women of the Pacific

One of the new exhibitions at the British Museum, Power & Taboo: Sacred Objects from the Pacific, has some lovely images of powerful women.

There is a reproduction of a drawing of Paetini, who was “thought to be the granddaughter of Keatonui, the chief who met Russian expedition of 1804 in the Marquesas”. Important women such as her had up to three chief husbands, and “a number of secondary husbands (pekio) often drawn from the servant class”. They often carried out domestic work. All children were considered to be “fathered” by the most important husbands.

One of the pekios drawn in 1804 doesn’t look very domestic. Mufau, it is said, was greatly admired for his physique, tatooing and warrior prowess. Expedition artist drew and measured every aspecg of his body for comparison with Greek statues. Must have really upset the visiting European men, one suspects…

I’ve written more about the exhibition on My London Your London. Why the fearsome gods? is the question I’m asking.

Early modern history Women's history

Pepys’s abuse – it probably went on for years

Of course that’s not how The Times puts it, at least not in the headline or intro – using instead “lost lover” and “Deb the maid” … and they wonder why they have trouble getting and keeping women readers.

Nonetheless, there is an interesting story, even if it is one, quite likely, of continuing abuse by a much older man of a young woman almost entirely within his power.

Research now shows that Pepys re-established contact with the maid’s family three years later and suggests that the dirty diarist had the opportunity to resume the affair….
Willet married Jeremiah Wells, a theology graduate, in January 1670. Wells soon wrote to Pepys to ask if the writer could use his contacts in the Royal Navy to get him a job. Pepys obliged, securing Wells a job as a ship’s chaplain. The diarist therefore knew not only where his old flame lived, but also that her husband was away at sea.
Dr Loveman said that there was no direct evidence that Pepys returned to his mistress, but it would not have been out of character. “Given Pepys’s past obsession with Deb, his continued contact with her family raises suspicions about the nature of their relationship,” she said.

Feminism History Science

The new, the old and the surprising…

Europe’s first new mammal to be discovered in 150 years is Mus cypriacus, or if you’re being familiar the Cypriot mouse. Of course people knew that they were there, but not that it was a separate species – a reminder of how little we still know about the natural world, even in the most-studied region of it.

A rather delicious little piece of historical irony – a group of Maori are claiming British pensions (which give the comparative level of the NZ dollar versus sterling would come in very handy).

The claim is based on the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, the document that handed sovereignty over New Zealand to Britain, ruled at the time by Queen Victoria.
Article Three of the treaty guarantees Maori “the same rights and privileges as British subjects.”

You might call it the price of empire.

Then a surprising (if perhaps only temporary – due to share prices) fact out of China – the richest person there, topping the list of billionaires, is a woman.

Ms Zhang, the 49-year-old founder of Nine Dragons Paper, which buys scrap paper from the United States for use in China, shot from 36th to pole position in the annual China Rich List compiled by Hurun Report, the luxury publishing and events group, making her the first woman ever to top the Rich List.
“She is the wealthiest self-made woman in the world,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, a researcher who has been compiling the rich list for seven years. Her fortune trumps that of US chat show queen Oprah Winfrey and the Harry Potter creator J K Rowling. Her wealth was estimated at £202m last year, but the share price of Nine Dragons has tripled since she listed her company on the Hong Kong stock exchange and the market for recycled products is growing at a furious pace.
The previous incumbent, Huang Guangyu of China’s biggest electronics retailer, Gome, has been knocked into second place, with his personal wealth thought to be £1.3bn.

Early modern history Women's history

Elizabeth Alkin: A Civil War heroine, and one tough cookie

Reading Diane Purkiss’s The English Civil War, as I have been for a long while – but there will be a review soon, I promise, I’ve been put on the trail of Elizabeth Alkin, spy and nurse, c.1600–1655?. From the ONDB (subscription sorry):

Employed from the beginning of the civil war as a spy by the earl of Essex, Sir William Waller, and Thomas Fairfax, in 1645 and 1647 Alkin received payments from the committee for the advancement of money for several ‘discoveries’, including information about the activities of George Mynnes, a Surrey ironmaster who was supplying royalist forces with iron and wire. Increasingly she seems to have concentrated her intelligencing activity on the London news press: in 1648 she was on the trail of Mercurius Melancholicus and the Parliament Kite, and in February 1649 Mercurius Pragmaticus called her an ‘old Bitch’ who could ‘smell out a Loyall-hearted man as soon as the best Blood-hound in the Army’ (Mercurius Pragmaticus, sig. 2v). …

In June 1649 Alkin was sent to ‘the house of correction’ for ‘great incivilities’ to Sir James Harrington MP, and the following month was involved in a fracas in the Salutation tavern in Holborn with some soldiers who apparently suspected her of being a royalist (Williams, 131–3). A dispute in the same year over her occupation of the house of Stephen Fosett, surgeon to Sir Arthur Aston (governor of Oxford during the first war and responsible, she claimed, for her husband’s death), resulted in a grant of £50 and a house.

She was evidently a woman who could stand up for herself.

The nursing seems to have come later – she was paid by the government after the First Anglo-Dutch War for her care of wounded soldiers, The ONDB says there was a petition requesting that she be buried in the cloisters of Westminister Abbey – it doesn’t say if that was successful – presumably that’s unknown. She’s got quite some coverage in medical history journals, so she must have made some real efforts for the soldiers – indeed it seems she destroyed her own health in the process.

She’s had a whole book written about her – I. MacDonald, Elizabeth Alkin: a Florence Nightingale of the Commonwealth (1935) – have to check it out. Something about that title, however, doesn’t fill me with confidence.

On the web, there’s a review of a book in which she has her own chapter, a House of Commons Journal entry, but not a lot else.

History

Medieval Muslim philosophy

Particularly interesting In Our Time this morning on the 12th-century Islamic philosopher Averroes (Ibn Rushd), who lived in a time of an interllectual flowering of Western Islam (he was born in Cordoba) and was important in the transmission of Aristotle to the Latin-speaking world.

Definitely worth a listen – available in podcast or for listening on your computer.

Feminism History

Why we need feminist archaeologists/paleontologists …

… and the occasional slice of critical thinking.

From the New York Review of Books, which really should know better, a potentially interesting review of two books on paleolithic art. But then you get to this:

Cold temperatures, along with scant precipitation, sustained very few plants suitable for human consumption. So however important gathering vegetable food may have been in warmer places, it became trivial on the Mammoth Steppe. Women’s work concentrated instead on tanning animal hides, sewing warm clothing, maintaining campfires, and tending children, while men went off to hunt large-bodied, hairy herbivores that fed on the moss and grasses of the steppe.

So here we have nice little housewives staying home and making the cave nice for hubby, while he goes out and collects the mammoth bacon…

Except of course there is no evidence for such a gender divide in paleolithic times, and it would seem both author and reviewer don’t think this is is a claim they need to justify or explain in any way. That’s just how it was – they feel it in their (male) bones…