Category Archives: History

Environmental politics Women's history

Did you know a woman founded the Soil Association?

The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography’s “life of the day” is Lady Evelyn Barbara Balfour founder of the Soil Association, long-time promoter of organic farming. (That link will only work for a few days – but if you find this after that contact me and I should be able to help.)

She sounds like a formidable woman:

In 1915 Eve Balfour went to Reading University to study for a diploma in agriculture. In 1918, claiming to be twenty-five, she secured her first job working for the Women’s War Agricultural Committee, running a small farm in Monmouthshire. She managed a team of land girls, ploughing the land with horses and milking the cows by hand. In the following year, in conjunction with her elder sister, Mary Edith Balfour, she purchased New Bells Farm, Haughley, near Stowmarket, Suffolk. During this period she played an important role mobilizing local opposition to the unpopular tithe tax levied on agriculture by the church and presented evidence to the royal commission.

During the 1930s Lady Eve, as she was commonly known, became critical of orthodox farming methods, being particularly influenced by Lord Portsmouth’s text Famine in England (1938), which raised doubts about their sustainability. His book inspired her to contact Sir Robert McCarrison, whose research into the Hunza tribesmen of India’s north-west frontier had shown a positive relationship between their impressive health and stamina and methods of soil cultivation. Her interest in organic farming can also be traced to her contacts with Sir Albert Howard, a British scientist who developed the Indore process of composting based on eastern methods.

Of course she was a woman before her time, but it is still astonishing that she only received an OBE weeks before her death, “while the very next day Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government announced the first ever British grant enabling farmers to convert to organic methods”. (It is – note to editors – not entirely clear if this was a day after the OBE or the day after her death.)

Feminism History

Remember, they weren’t the good old days

This almost defies comment:

Soon after, Einstein collapsed from the strain of work and moved into a flat adjoining Elsa’s, where she could care for him. Mileva finally agreed to a divorce in 1918, leaving the way open for Einstein and Elsa to marry, but once again by the time the wedding was imminent the physicist’s focus had already moved on. This time his roving eye had alighted rather too close to home on Elsa’s daughter, Ilse, then 20.
Einstein then made an extraordinary proposition: he would marry either Elsa, 44, or Ilse and he left it to them to decide which of them it would be. The problem was that Ilse was in love with Einstein’s friend Nikolai, to whom she confided: “Yesterday, suddenly the question was raised about whether A(lbert) wished to marry Mama or me . . . Albert himself is refusing to take any decision, he is prepared to marry either Mama or me. I know that A(lbert) loves me very much, perhaps more than any other man ever will, he also told me so himself yesterday.”
At 40, Einstein was impressed by the the “stunning youthfulness” of his young sort of stepdaughter but after much discussion, Ilse delivered her judgment: she did love Albert but only “as a father”. So Einstein married her mother.

From a piece in The Times about Einstein’s love life, a very long piece. Of what interest? Prurient I suppose (yes, I was reading it), but also rather interesting in revealing societal mores – so much for the alleged “morality” of the era.

History

You missed your chance

The Shakespeare First Folio, which I’d previously reported was predicted to go for £3.5m, only fetched £2.5m. The ultimate purchaser was, in the glorious prose of the auction room, an “unnamed private buyer”. What’s the betting – Russian? Are they in this market yet?

History Theatre

Greek comedy as you didn’t know it

Interesting piece on In Our Time this morning on Greek comedy – described as being most like seeing Oh! What a Lovely War. I also liked the news that agone (sp?), from which we get agony, was the ancient Greek for competition. (And they were very keen on competitions, even having them for ploughing.)

You can listen on a computer or by podcast. Well worth it.

Lady of Quality Theatre

My 19th-century theatre critic

My 19th-century blogger, Miss Frances William-Wynn, is today proving again her credentials as a theatre critic, commenting on a performance of Lear by one of the era’s great actor managers, William Charles Macready. That link has a couple of images of Macready, which suggests that he certainly wasn’t classically handsome – it also explains her comment about playing all of Shakespeare’s words, since apparently around her time there was a fashion for grand spectacle and long set-changes, which required cuts in the words to reduce length.

Miss Williams Wynn says:

It is Shakespeare’s Lear: not a word is added to the text; the painfully fine catastrophe is acted; and the play, in the regular theatre phrase, well got up, excepting in the female parts, which were almost as ill dressed as they were acted. I cannot conceive a better model for a painter of Lear than Macready exhibited in face, figure, dress, and apparent age.
The latter seems to me the leading point of his representation of the character, in which he substitutes the imbecility of age for insanity, which I have hitherto considered as the leading feature of Lear.

Wikipedia has a good roundup of Macready’s career, including his involvement in a performance of “the Scottish play” in New York at which 23 were killed and 100 injured in a riot. That’s what you call taking your theatre seriously.

Early modern history Women's history

Not Poulter’s measure, but a “fourteener”?

I’m trying to teach myself to analyse the formats of Renaissance poetry, as you do. I’ve got a piece that I thought might be poulter’s measure (a 14-syllable line followed by a 12-syllable one), but it seems instead by my count to be straight fourteener. Do you agree? All thoughts and suggestions welcome …!

This world is full of snares and trappes, temptations unto sinne,
As well in generations past, as this that we live in.
Compare our selves unto a tree, which springeth up with sap,
And brings forth branches goodly ones, which taste of Adams hap.
And as this tree doth grow to strength, the owner of the wood,
May lop away the branches faire as them which are not good.
So hath he lopt away from us a Ladie Branch of price,
That Lived here right worshipfull, disdaining every vice:
Whose lacke her friends do much bewaile, but especially the poore,
Whom she continually did feede, aboard and at her doore.

(This piece doesn’t have stanzas, so I’ve just taken what seems a logical chunk out of it.)

And no, I’m not claiming this as a lost literary masterpiece…