Category Archives: Women’s history

Early modern history Women's history

An aristocratic gardener

One for the booklist: My Darling Heriott: Henrietta Luxborough, Poetic Gardener and Irrepressible Exile, reviewed this morning in the Guardian.

By the time Henrietta was in her 30s her gilded life had lost its shine. In 1727 she married Robert Knight, the son of the chief cashier of the infamous South Sea Company. Robert was pompous and vulgar, and Henrietta suddenly found herself in the company of men who talked only of money instead of poetry, gardens or art. She found companionship with a young poet, though she insisted that “the passion was platonick”. When the scandal broke in 1736, her furious husband sent her to his Warwickshire estate, Barrells, to “moulder and die”. Virtually imprisoned, she was not to see London, her two children or most of her friends for many years. Gardening helped her to keep her sanity, and My Darling Heriott reminds us of the unrivalled therapeutic value of nature, muddied fingers and the sprouting of seedlings.

Early modern history Women's history

A woman gets to do community ’emotional work’

John Friend, a gentleman commoner at St Edmund’s Hall, Oxford, died of a fever in March 1673. His father, Nathaniel, after arranging his funeral, returned home “on his cousin’s advice” to tell his wife:

“I came neare home mine owne care and sorrow redoubled in relation to my poore wide and how I should acquaint her with soe heavy a Providence, I therefore called upon the Widdow Margaret Holliser acquainting her with my poore sonnes death and entreated her to goe to our house before and by discourse a little prepare my wife for it which shee honestly did, supposing to her the worst, I in the meantime lingered and about a quarter of an houre after (which was neare 9 at night). I came in bringing both to my wife and to my father the heaviest tidings that ever brought them in my life.”

His wife understandably took it “exceeding heavily”, “the presence and company of my loving Neighbour stood us in good stead.”

I can’t but wonder how recent a widow Margaret Holliser was. Did she not suffer too from her close involvement in the tragic scene, so like one she had herself endured?

(Quoted in A. Brady, English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century: Laws in Mourning, Palgrave, Macmillan, 2006, p. 33.)

Women's history

Gaze on the face of Mary Queen of Scots

I’ve never quite understood why everyone gets so excited about Mary Queen of Scots. (Well I do – sex, murder, death all involving an attractive woman, but it is one of those stories explored and told so many times I find it hard to raise an interest.)

But in case she is your cup of tea – it is worth saying that the only known painting of her as Queen has gone on display today at the National Portrait Gallery.

(I might even pop in to visit her…)

Women's history

The 16th-century ‘true crime’ genre

Call me an unsophisticated lass from the colonies, but I still get a buzz from artistic crossing of the centuries, so I really enjoyed last night seeing a production The Tragedy of Master Arden of Faversham. Published in 1592, it closely follows the “true-life” crime of 1551.

I reviewed it over on My London Your London.

Of course the “true-life” angle is thought-provoking – I woke this morning thinking about poor Alice, the real-life one, who paid the ultimate price for “petty treason”, being burned alive.

And at least one modern writer, has exonerated her:

Thomas Ardern, Orlin shows, was a broker of dissolved monastic properties who learned the art from some of the age’s most rapacious courtier-officials, Sir Edward North (Alice Ardern’s stepfather) and Sir Thomas Cheyney. As Cheyney’s steward in Kent, and as a customs collector for the vicinity of Faversham, Arden was, much to his own advantage, deeply involved in the conveyance of church holdings into private and state hands. Memories were long in Kent: people knew whence Ardern’s wealth had come, and, perhaps more dangerously, Ardern knew whence had come the wealth of many others. I will not give away Orlin’s solution to Ardern’s murder; suffice it to say that among the possible motives for Ardern’s murder, those of his wile Alice were by no means the most urgent.

(From: Recent Studies in English Renaissance, Lawrence Manley; Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 36, 1996, referring to Lena Cowen Orlin’s Private Matters and Public Culture in Post-Reformation England.)

Women's history

Those amazing Tudor women

Over the whole period “between 12 and 19 per cent [of those whose letters survive] wrote all their own letters …. the number of women for who there is evidence of their actually writing letters rose from 50 per cent in the 1540s to some 79 per cent by the end of the 16th century … the proportion of women for whom no holograph letters survive fell from 28 per cent in the first decade of the period to an estimated 17 per cent by the years 1600 to 1609.” (p. 96)

From Women Letter-Writers in Tudor England, James Daybell, OUP 2006 (found today on the “new books” shelf at the London Library – which can be a really treasure.)

An nice example, Elizabeth Bourne, “wife of Anthony, the son of John Bourne, Mary I’s principal secretary of state”. Some 70 of her letters survive, written in holograph in several different hands. She also wrote original poetry and sometimes used the pseudonyms Frances Wesley and Anne Hayes, which she called her “secrete syphers”.

A search of the web and electronic academic database returned nothing on her – one more for the literary collection.

Arts Women's history

Talking about 18th-century craftswomen …

… in the office, as I was the other day (there are BIG attractions about working at the Guardian), a name came up that I hadn’t previous encountered – Anna Maria Garthwaite (1690–1763).

She was “the pre-eminent silk designer of her period”. Spitalfields-based, her work was mainly based on botanical, painting-style patterns, which the V&A are still making money out of. A whole dress by her, with a well-documented history has also survived, as has a fancy waistcoat (which in 1747 still had sleeves).

She also did cut-paper landscapes and some of her pattern books have survived,

From the ONDB:

“…her father was a well-connected Anglican clergyman with family associations with the City of London. After his death in 1719 it is probable that she went to live with her elder sister, Mary, the wife of Robert Dannye, rector of Spofforth, Yorkshire… In 1729 or 1730 Dannye died, and both sisters then went to London, where they eventually settled in Princes Street (now 2 Princelet Street) in the parish of Christ Church, Spitalfields …
Her interest in textile design was apparent by 1726, when she collected and annotated a series of textile designs, ‘by diverse hands’, which included technically innovative and high-quality French work. Her first drawing, inscribed ‘sent to London before I left York’, was competent but simple. The largest series of her work, comprising many hundreds of drawings of silk designs and patterns, some of which are still enrolled in their contemporary arrangement covering the period from 1726 to 1756, has survived and is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. It is clear that, at a time when the English silk industry vied with French manufacturers for the quality home and export market, she was one of the foremost designers of ‘flowered’, or brocaded, silks.
…She displayed a noteworthy grasp of textile technique, including technical direction as necessary. Surviving silks show how well her designs adapt to form and function. Garthwaite point paper, imprinted with squares for drafting designs in the early nineteenth century, may be a retrospective tribute to her expertise. The basis for her technical knowledge can only be conjectured, though Robert Campart, a Spitalfields ribbon weaver of Huguenot extraction, is named as a beneficiary, together with his wife, in Garthwaite’s will.