Margaret Gwynnethe, the wife of Stephen Vaughan and mother of the Protestant author and John Knox-champion Anne Lock, was a silkwoman at the court of Henry VIII, serving particularly his two most “Protestant” queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr.

After her death on 16 September 1544, her husband wrote to a court official asking for the £360 that Catherine Parr owed for her materials and labour. In January he still hadn’t been paid and wrote again. (There doesn’t seem to be a final conclusion to this; perhaps he was never paid?)

In 1544 £360 was an enormous sum – for comparison Lady Grace Mildmay was a few years later maintaining a family on £130 a year.

From Felch, S.M. The Collected Works of Anne Vaughan Lock, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1999.)

(Quite a number of Margaret’s letters are in the State Papers of Henry VIII.)

I’ve been reading With Faith and Physic: The Life of a Tudor Gentlewoman Lady Grace Mildmay 1552-1620. She was a highly religious woman, with plenty of things in her life – a thoroughly unpleasant husband, a father who left her almost penniless at the behest of her mother and sister – to encourage her to trust in God, for want of other alternatives.

But it seems the real passion of her life was medicine, and she must have spent a huge percentage of her meagre income on the medications to treat her neighbours and callers, and read everything she could get her hands on medical matters.

One of her favourite treatments was a balm that she made herself containing “24 types of roots, 68 kinds of herbs, 14 types of seeds, 12 sorts of flowers, 10 kinds of spices, 20 types of gum, 6 different purgatives, 5 different cordials”. That’s what you call a recipe.

I’ve pasted it below the fold – read it and think of the labour involved…
(I think the “standing in horse dung” was probably a method of heating – the temperature in a good-size compost heap, such as her household would surely have boasted, was probably pretty constant.)
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It has taken me far too long, and I really can’t complain about the writing, but I have now finally completed the transcription of the will of my amazing dame, who died the year following the making of this will, at the age of 90.

I’ve put the full transcript below the fold, since in detail it isn’t exactly gripping reading. Any of my early modernist readers who feel like taking a shot at the italicised words (which I can’t identify fully) would be most welcome to do so; also I’d greatly welcome any general thoughts on the contents.

I think Dame Helen broadly fits into the “godly” mould – in fact an expert was telling me her second husband certainly did, but the will seems to me quite light on that sort of rhetoric. (Although of course that might in part be the influence of the scribe.)

Generally the form is pretty standard, but there are a couple of places where I think the words and character of Dame Branch come through – in the preamble when she humbly gives god thanks for being in “perfecte memory” (at the age of 89!) and in the careful listing of all of the jails and hospitals to which money was to go. Also perhaps the way it rambles a little – an old lady just thinking her thoughts out loud, rather than starting at the biggest bequest and working her way down the list.

Her executor is her brother’s son Robert Nicholson (which I already knew), although I didn’t know the brother Beniamyne (possibly Robert’s father – got to chase that) was still alive. He presumably must be also a pretty significant age – some good genes in there, although the fact that Robert got all the work suggests he’s fully “retired”. (All the father gets is a black gown, presumably to attend the funeral.)

One thing that strikes me about the will is how broad Dame Helen’s social circle still is, even at her great age. There are godchildren being left gold rings, lots of neighbours and widows (presumably friends) – although unfortunately many of them have common names, which is going to make them hard to track down.

Interesting too that she wants to be buried as near as possible to her first husband (Mynors), not her second – and that neither husband’s family has an obvious role in her life (although no way of knowing at the moment if there are female relatives from them along the line – at present I know nothing at the Wismans/Wisemans, or the Hide/Hydes or which side cosen Thomas Smyth comes from. Why did he have to have such a common name?!)

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