Monthly Archives: June 2006

Politics

State-controlled capitalism and inequality

Interesting piece in today’s Guardian about the not-so-capitalist development of India and China.

India registered its most impressive gains from 1951 to 1980, after emerging from more than two centuries of systematic colonial exploitation, during which it was, in effect, deindustrialised. Until 1980 India achieved an average annual economic growth of 3.5% – as much as most countries achieved. In this period India’s much derided socialistic economy also helped create the country’s industrial capacity.

Much popular literature about China, such as Jung Chang’s recent biography of Mao, makes it seem as though China did little after the communist revolution in 1949 but lurch from one disaster to another. In fact, China’s national income under a planned economy grew fivefold between 1952 and 1978. Though wages were low, the welfare system – the famous “iron rice bowl” – guaranteed lifetime employment, pensions, healthcare and other benefits that created a high degree of personal security.

That made me think of some street children I saw in southern China some 15 years ago. They were hanging around a restaurant that used disposable plastic dishes (hate to think of the waste) and when some dinners had left some just about inedible green vegetable dashed forward, grabbed it and raced away, chased by waiters flapping arms as though they were pigeons. I came across them around the corner stuffing the grenn veggies in as though it were chocolate. They were hungry. Very hungry. There must be many more like them now.

Environmental politics Science

An advance for humanity…

… in recognising rights for our nearest relatives.

Spain is likely to pass legislation recognising rights for the great apes, species that share so many of our characteristics.

The law would eliminate the concept of “ownership” for great apes, instead placing them under the “moral guardianship” of the state, much as is the case for children in care, the severely handicapped and those in comas, said the MP behind the project, Francisco Garrido. … The law would also make it a criminal offence to mistreat or kill a great ape, except in cases of self-defence or medical euthanasia.

New Zealand and the UK have already banned medical experiments on great apes.

This reminds me of a short story I read many years ago that made a great impression. It was a Swiftian-style satire that had, as I recall, a human society passing a law saying animals could be used for food if there IQ was a certain percentage below the human average. Then aliens with a far higher intelligence arrive, and use that law against its makers. Anyone know the story?

Cycling Cycling Hadrian's Wall History

Cycling Hadrian’s Wall, Day 3

Whitehaven to Silloth: theoretically 28 miles…

That was the theory. Unfortunately, I woke about 2am with a raging sore throat, and by morning had a nasty cold. I entirely blame Richard Branson. I’d been thinking on the Virgin train that it seemed airless and dry, in a very airplane-ish way, and several people around me were sniffling…

I considered giving up, which would probably have been the sensible thing to do, but … also seemed a bit lame. Then the organiser of the trip, who was coming anyway to pick up my bags, offered to take me on to Silloth, so I collapsed into his mother’s Nissan Micra, bike stuffed in the back, and tried to pretend it was a Roman legion’s pack mule and I was an ill soldier offered a ride for a day to recover…
read more »

Cycling Cycling Hadrian's Wall History

Cycling Hadrian’s Wall, Day 2

20-plus miles, Ravenglass to Whitehaven

The day begins with a detour, to Muncaster church, mostly to check out a “Viking Cross”, which doesn’t look as good as the drawings in the guidebook, although it is curiously arranged – lined up in the churchyard apparently with all of the 18th and 19th century graves – presumably not its original position. In the church is a broken bell – rather roughly cast, with lots of air bubbles, but then it was made about 1470 to commemorate Henry VI’s stay at Muncaster after the battle of Hexeth.

On the wall are many plaques to the local lords of the manor, here since the 14th century, eg. “In memory of Will Pnyngton Arm: whose first wife was Joan Wharton, daughter of Thomas Lord Wharton, the second wife was Dame Bridgett Askew, daughter of Sir John Hudlleston by whom he had three sons… William Pnyngton and all his tried horsemen were called upon in service at the borders 1543.”

The local ladies cleaning the church – doing community duty but curiously uninformed about its history – were cheeringly impressed by what I was doing – well I may have played it up a little… “It’s only about 160 miles,” (airy wave of the hand), “no big deal…”

Then it was back to the official start of the ride, the Roman bath-house for the obligatory mugging at the camera start of the ride picture…
read more »

Cycling Hadrian's Wall History

Cycling Hadrian’s Wall, Day 1

Day one, the adventure begins.. well if you count five hours-plus on a train as an adventure. Virgin West Coast line to Carlisle, 20 minutes late; just made the milk-run train to Ravenglas connection, which was handy since there wasn’t another for two hours.

Was navigating that route with a map of the kingdom of Cumbria in about 1100AD, so not entirely clear where I was, and the Sellafield nuclear plant, near the ancient church town of St Bees came as a bit of a surprise. The guesthouse “Muncaster Country” is very pleasant – lovely gardens on to the fields – even boasting wireless internet access, although for five pounds a night I think I’ll pass.

mayTook a stroll down to town along the ancient footpath – a profusion of mauve rhododendrons, the May bush in full flower, a couple of sound-asleep mallards beside a very shallow stream. Further down the stream’s course it forms a pond, which was the reservoir for the Roman bathhouse, parts of which still stand to more than 12 feet, at the base of the hill. It was just outside the corner of the Roman fort, the outline of which can be seen. (Most of it hasn’t been excavated.)

ravenglassbaths

Ravenglass (a Roman port because the confluence of three rivers, the Irt, Esk and Mite, produced a sheltered harbour) it now might be best described as a hamlet – two pubs, a couple of guest houses, and a very fat Jack Russell called Penny, which I could still be patting. The sea shore is a mix of sand and gravel – inter-tidal life consisting of sea lettuce, brown seaweed further down, and very small barnacles, the odd periwinkle, and obviously some sort of pipi out there somewhere, to judge from the broken shells.

The day’s reading, courtesy of the London Library, was Land of the Cumbrians: A Study in British Provincial Origins AD 400-1120, by Charles Phythian-Adams, difficult but interesting. I’m not quite sure why some authors of monographs have to try so hard to make them readable only by experts. Major characters and perhaps even kingdoms (well princedoms) keep being introduced without any explanation; I’d reckon there’s half a dozen people in the world with whom this is envisaging a conversation, yet it wouldn’t add much length or be too much trouble for the experts to skip over.

Anyway, I’ve made sense of most of it. Basically, it is a highly revisionist history, tackling a number of claims that seem to date back a century or in some cases many centuries, but based on flimsy or no evidence. Th basic thesis is that the Norman fiefdoms and royal demense did not necessarily follow earlier cultural, religious or political boundaries. Instead the author argues – chiefly from place-name evidence, with a bit of archaeology thrown in, “Carlisle … until the days of Earl Siward … was probably more or less continously the seat of kings or sub-kings”, but their control only occasionally ran north of the Solway. The coastal region – so open to the Irish Sea, also had pretty much its own, very multicultural history. (p. 165)
read more »

Environmental politics

Flocks of cyclists…

The number of cyclists is soaring … something I’d confirm from anecdotal observation: “In London, trips by bike have increased by 50 per cent in five years to 450,000 per day while figures obtained by The Independent show use of the National Cycle Network, covering 10,000 miles of urban and rural pathways, rose last year by 15 per cent to 232 million journeys.”

All we’ve got to do now is a lot more work on cycle tracks, and on making railways, and buses, much more cycle-friendly. I was pleased to read in the brochure of the Hadrian’s Wall bus that it took cycles. Then, when I expected to rely on it, the driver, very apologetically, told me he was under strict instructions not to take cycles. I will be writing a stiff letter of complaint, but it is all too typical.

Not all cyclists are super-athletes, and they often would like to combine cycling with other forms of transport. If not given the opportunity, it will only put more cars on the roads.